BULLOCK CART MECHANISM.

Bullock and bullock cart mechanism plays an important role in every farm-based activity for long history. With the advent of technology, the farming methods and equipment used changed drastically. It is evident that there is no significant development and modifications carried and incorporated in the animal-driven cart used for agricultural activities. The modified bullock cart is used in iron material in manufacture. The Bullock cart is rotated in any direction and also used in lifting mechanism types of gear are used in bullock carts. There are few researchers who have contributed to the developmental aspects of the cart. This paper is a review of research work carried by various researchers in this area. The work will give insight to the basics of design of a bullock cart and the summary of research work done up till so that further research may be outlined. 

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY BULLOCK CART MECHANISM

Constructional Detail

The modified bullock cart is detailed. The procedure adopted for evaluating the performance of these carts is explained. Assessment of the test result to figure out setbacks of existing bullock carts is accounted for and the methodology used for modification of cart is explained.  

DESIGN BULLOCK CART MECHANISM

Bullock carts were manufactured by local artisans according to the needs of farmers. Hence these carts are not designed considering the basic design considerations. To get the general idea about the prevailing design details of these carts some measurements such as distances between the axle and rear legs, axle, and yoke, axle and ground clearance at front and back were noted. 

PARTS OF BULLOCK CARTS 

The parts of the traditional bullock carts are mostly made up of locally available material (iron). The dimensions of these parts vary according to the size of the bullock cart. These parts of the bullock cart have different local names. 

Wheel

Wheels are locally known as the Chakkain Shegaon region. Most of the wheels of the traditional cart have been replaced by iron wheels. These wheels have different parts such as Gudada, Araetc. Gudda or hub is the central part of the wheel which houses the axle assembly in a wheel. The size of a hub in the traditional bullock cart is fixed by local craftsmen without any design considerations. Ara or Spoke is a part of a wheel that connects the hub to the outer rim. 

Frame

The frame is either made up of iron or wood. Currently, the iron frame has become more common because of more life and less maintenance. Frames of traditional carts are trapezoidal in shape. The length of the frame defines the size of a bullock cart. The frame is connected to the axle using nuts and bolts. 

Axle

The axle is mainly made up of iron. It rests in a hub without any bearing hence it causes most of the friction and noise in the cart. As axle supports the mainframe, which carts total load, it is the most sensitive part of the failure.

Platform

Platform of a traditional bullock cart is mostly trapezoidal in shape. Iron is used as a material of construction. Only iron is used as material of construction because the surface of other material becomes in the hot summer season. Sideboards are provided to the platform to increase the carrying capacity of the cart. 

Yoke

Yoke is an energy harnessing part of the bullock cart. It is made up of iron. It is fabricated so that, during carting operation, no harm to the hump of bullock will cause. 

Bevel Gears

Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect and the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped. Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart but can be designed to work at other angles as well. 

Hydraulic jack

A jack is a device that uses force to lift heavy loads. The primary mechanism with which force is applied varies, depending on the specific type of jack, but is typically a screw thread or a hydraulic cylinder.

HOW IT WORK?

It depends on the force generated by pressure. Essentially, if two cylinders (a large and a small one) are connected and force is applied to one cylinder, equal pressure is generated in both cylinders. However, because one cylinder has a larger area, the force the larger cylinder produces will be higher, although the pressure in the two cylinders will remain the same. Hydraulic jacks depend on this basic principle to lift heavy loads: they use pump plungers to move oil through two cylinders. 

CONCLUSION

Bullocks are the main source of power in the field as well as for carting operations. The Bullock cart has been used for the transportation of agricultural goods since ancient times. In the rural part of India, the bullock cart is being used for agriculture purposes. Bullock cart is the best mode of transport for marginal farmers. 

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