ALL WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM

A steering wheel is a type of steering control in vehicles. All-wheel Steering system are used in most modern land vehicles, including all mass-production automobiles, as well as buses, light, and heavy trucks, and tractors. The steering wheel is the part of the steering system that is manipulated by the driver; the rest of the steering system responds to such driver inputs.

WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM

Four-wheel steering means all wheels steer. It doesn’t mean that they all have to turn the same way, though! When you’re able to turn the rear wheels in the opposite direction of your front wheels, this allows you to complete smaller circular turns at lower speeds.

FOUR-WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM

The newest steering technology to be implemented into vehicles is the four-wheel steering system. What is great about this technology is that it enhances the steering response and allows you to easily keep the vehicle stable while driving at higher speeds. And, of course, the rear wheels of the vehicle will turn left and right just like the front wheels. This is something you don’t see in two-wheel steering systems which only have the front wheels turn left and right. However, there are still some people that prefer two-wheel over four-wheel, and vice versa.

COMPONENT

Primary Components

• Vehicle speed sensors Interpret speedometer shelf revolutions and send a signal to the electronic computer unit.  Two sensors, one within the speedometer and the other at the transmission the output is used to crosscheck the other for accuracy and failsafe measures.
•  Rear steering shaft Transmits the front-wheel steering angle by turning the small bevel gear in the steering phase control unit,  which rotates the main bevel gear in the assembly.
•  The function of the vehicle hydraulic pump provides hydraulic pressure to both the front and rear steering systems.

WORKING

•  Consists of a  rack-and-pinion front steering system that is hydraulically assisted by a twin-tandem pump main power source.
•  The rear-wheel steering mechanism is also hydraulically assisted by the main pump and electronically controlled –  according to the front steering angle and vehicle speed.
•  The rear steering shaft extends from the rack bar of  the front steering  gear assembly to the  rear steering-phase control unit
• The 4WS system varies the phase and ratio of the rear-wheel steering to the front wheels, according to the vehicle speed.

TYPES

1 The rack-and-pinion system

At the base of the steering column, there is a small pinion ( gear wheel) inside a housing. Its teeth mesh with a straight row of teeth on a rack – along the transverse bar.

2 The steering-box system

At the base of the steering column, there is a worm gear inside a box. A worm is a threaded cylinder like a short bolt. Imagine turning a bolt that holding a nut on it; the nut would move along the bolt. In the same way, turning the worm moves anything fitted into its thread.

3 Power-assisted steering

On a heavy car, either the steering is heavy or it is inconveniently low geared – the steering wheel requiring many turns from lock to lock.

Heavy gearing can be troublesome when parking in confined spaces. Power-assisted steering overcomes the problem. The engine drives a pump that supplies oil under high pressure to the rack or the steering box.

A steering wheel is a type of steering control in vehicles. The all-wheel Steering system is used in most modern land vehicles, including al

ADVANTAGES

• Better Steering Response – Your vehicle will respond faster to the steering that you perform overall. This allows your steering to be more precise and controllable on the road.
• Cornering Stability – When you’re going around a corner in a vehicle, four-wheel steering will give you control and stability as you drive. This especially comes in handy if the road is wet.
• Smaller Radius While Turning – Because you can turn the rear wheels in the opposite direction of the front wheels, this allows you to make smaller circular turns at lower speeds.

DISADVANTAGES

• Expensive – As great as four-wheel steering systems are, they also require many more components in their construction than two-wheel steering systems. Because of this, vehicles with four-wheel steering are more expensive.
• Bigger Chance of Problems – Due to the fact that four-wheel steering systems have many components, especially electronic components, the entire system could become inoperable if just one of these components malfunctions. This means you’ll spend more time repairing or replacing components in a four-wheel steering system vehicle.

CONCLUSION

Four-wheel steering is a relatively  new technology, that imposes maneuverability  in cars, trucks, and trailers .in standard two wheels steering vehicles, the rear set of wheels are always directed

forward  therefore and do not play an active role in

controlling the steering in the four-wheel steering system

the rear wheel can turn left and right.

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